EKSPLORASI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ACTINOMYCETES YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS LAUT PULAU SAMALONA

Andi Ameilia Sari Riandika, Fauziah Hasdin — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has intensified the need to discover novel antibacterial compounds from marine microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of actinomycetes associated with marine sponges collected from Samalona Island, Indonesia. Sponge-associated actinomycetes were isolated using selective media and screened for antagonistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The most active isolate was subsequently fermented for 21 days, and its secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate and methanol. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method. A total of 18 actinomycete isolates were successfully obtained, among which isolate SP-6 exhibited antibacterial activity against both test organisms. The ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 20% (w/v) demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity, producing inhibition zones of 8.32 mm against S. aureus and 8.54 mm against E. coli. The production of antibacterial metabolites reached its maximum on the 18th day of fermentation before gradually declining. Morphological characterization indicated that isolate SP-6 possessed characteristics consistent with the genus Streptomyces. These findings suggest that marine sponge-associated actinomycetes from Samalona Island represent a promising source of novel antibacterial compounds with potential applications in future pharmaceutical development.

Analysis of Drug Sales Patterns Based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification in a Community Pharmacy: A 2025–2026 Study

Fauziah Hasdin, Andi Amelia Sari Riandika — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to analyze drug sales patterns based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Level 1 classification at Pharmacy X during the period of June 2025 to June 2026 to support the evaluation of community therapeutic needs and pharmaceutical inventory management. A descriptive observational study with a retrospective approach was conducted using secondary drug sales data. All eligible records were included through total sampling. The collected data consisted of drug names, quantities sold, and transaction dates, which were classified according to the WHO ATC Level 1 system and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 691 drug products with a total of 111,736 units sold were classified into 14 ATC Level 1 groups. The Alimentary tract and metabolism (ATC A) group accounted for the highest sales with 29,527 units (26.43%), followed by the Respiratory system (20.51%), Nervous system (17.92%), Musculoskeletal system (14.44%), and Antiinfectives for systemic use (3.59%) groups. Paracetamol 500 mg was the best-selling product during the study period. These findings indicate that ATC-based drug sales analysis provides valuable information on community therapeutic demand and can serve as an evidence-based reference for inventory planning, stock control, and pharmaceutical service evaluation in community pharmacies.

Journal Pharma Saintika

EKSPLORASI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ACTINOMYCETES YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS LAUT PULAU SAMALONA

Analysis of Drug Sales Patterns Based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification in a Community Pharmacy: A 2025–2026 Study