Journal Pharma Saintika

UJI PENENTUAN NILAI SPF (SUN PROTECTION FACTOR) LIOFILISAT SARI BUAH LEMON CUI (Citrus microcarpha B.) SEBAGAI ZAT AKTIF TABIR SURYA

2025-08-26T09:05:18+07:00

Berlebihnya paparan sinar UV A beserta UV B dalam jumlah yang banyak bisa memberikan dampak negatif pada sistem pertahanan kulit manusia diantaranya penuaan dini sebelum watkunya. Salah satu upaya pencegahan dampak negatif tersebut yakni melalui pemakaian tabir surya. Buah lemon cui (Citrus microcarpha B.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang mempunyai potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai agen tabir surya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menentukan aktivitas tabir surya liofilisat sari buah lemon cui (Citrus microcarpha B.) berdasarkan nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor). Metodologi penelitian meliputi pembuatan liofilisat sari buah lemon cui dengan metode freeze drying kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menentukan nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) melalui spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa nilai rata-rata SPF (Sun Protection Factor) liofilisat sari buah lemon cui (Citrus microcarpha B.) diperoleh sebesar 29,300 sehingga dikategorikan sebagai proteksi ultra (>15) tabir surya.

PENGGUNAAN OBAT TRADISIONAL PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DI PUSKESMAS KEDUNGMUNDU

2025-12-05T09:12:53+07:00

Long term use of oral antidiabetic medicine use raise public concerns regarding side effects. This has resulted in an increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus each year. Therefore, education about traditional medicines for diabetes melitus patients will help them control blood glucose. This is a descriptive study conducted in Kedungmundu Public Health Center, Semarang. Purposive sampling technique was utilized and obtained 32 patients as respondent. Data were collected by filling out a questionnaire and analyzed the percentage of traditional medicine use descriptively. The results showed that majority oft respondents were female (68.8%), aged 49-59 years (43.8%), education leve lin elementary to secondary (40.6%), occupation as housewife (53.1%), income level < Rp 500,000 (53.1%) and duration of illness 5 - 10 years (53.1%). It can be concluded that traditional medicine consumed by DM patients are mangosteen peel (53.1%), moringa leaves (28.1%), bitter melon (9.4%), and soursop leaves (9.4%). Seventy five percent of respondents chose family as main information source regarding traditional medication use, while 43.8% of repondents consumed more than 1 herbal medicine, and 12.5% consumed herbal medicine and oral antidiabetics medicine concomintantly. Healthcare professional role especially pharmacists are importantly needed to educate patients about herbal medicine use rationally.

Penetapan Kadar Glukosa Total Hasil Hidrolisis Limbah Air Kelapa Tua (Cocos Nucifera L.) Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

2026-04-09T10:32:30+07:00

This study was conducted to identify and quantify the glucose content present in waste from old coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) employing the phenol–sulfuric acid method analyzed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Prior to measurement, the sample underwent hydrolysis using 3% HCl, followed by neutralization and clarification. Qualitative analysis was carried out with Fehling’s reagent, whereas quantitative determination was performed at a wavelength of 490 nm using glucose standard solutions within the concentration range of 0.01–0.05 mg/mL. The resulting calibration curve demonstrated a strong linear correlation, described by the regression equation ŷ = 9.25x + 0.3587 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9794. The glucose level in the old coconut water waste was determined to be 2.11% ± 0.015% (w/v). These findings suggest that the phenol–sulfuric acid method offers adequate sensitivity and accuracy, making it appropriate for glucose determination in old coconut water waste samples.

UJI SIFAT FISIK SEDIAAN HAND SANITIZER MINYAK ATSIRI SERAI WANGI (Cymbopogon nardus L.)

2025-11-05T10:50:31+07:00

Lemongrass contains essential oil compounds that have antibacterial activity. The use of lemongrass in the form of essential oil can be incorporated into hand sanitizer preparations. Hand sanitizer preparations require a base. One of the bases often used is Carbopol. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in carbopol gelling agents on the physical properties of lemongrass essential oil hand sanitizer preparations. The research method used in this study was a posttest-only experimental design. Lemongrass essential oil was made into a hand sanitizer preparation using carbopol gelling agent with variations in concentration of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%. The formulated gel was tested for physical properties, including organoleptic testing, homogeneity testing, pH testing, and spread diameter testing. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests to determine the effect of variations in gelling agent concentration on the hand sanitizer preparation. The results of the organoleptic and homogeneity tests showed that FI was white in color, had a distinctive lemongrass aroma, and a slightly thick consistency; FII was white in color, had a distinctive lemongrass aroma, and a thick consistency; and FIII was white in color, had a distinctive lemongrass aroma, and a very thick consistency. All three formulas were homogeneous. The pH test results showed that FI (6.34±0.20), FII (5.74±0.10), and FIII (5.07±0.14) had significant differences (sig<0.05). The spread diameter test results showed that FI (6.71±0.14 cm), FII (5.95±0.21 cm), and FIII (5.22±0.09 cm) had significant differences (sig<0.05). This study concludes that the results of the physical properties test of lemongrass essential oil hand sanitizer preparations, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and spread diameter tests, have met the requirements. The pH and spread diameter test results affect the physical properties of lemongrass essential oil hand sanitizer preparations.

FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISTIK SEDIAAN FILM FORMING GEL SERBUK JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var.rubrum) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT

2026-04-11T09:22:08+07:00

Film forming gel is an innovative topical delivery system with the advantage of forming a film layer that can adhere longer to the skin so that it can release active drug substances continuously. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is known to have high gingerol and shogaol metabolite content, which can be effective as an anti-inflammatory agent. Aloe vera plant (Aloe vera L.) is also known to have anti-inflammatory effects, in addition aloe vera also functions as a natural gelling agent and plasticizer in the formulation of film forming gel preparations. The purpose of this study was to develop a topical delivery system to overcome inflammation of the skin through the formulation and characterization of film forming gel preparations containing red ginger powder with the addition of aloe vera as a gelling agent. This study used an experimental method with stages starting from the preparation of liquid extract of red ginger powder, formulation of film forming gel, and testing the characterization of the preparation. The results of the study showed that the film forming gel preparation was organoleptically stable, with an average pH value of 6.3 according to skin pH, optimal viscosity, an average spreadability value of 6.38 with a good spread category, and was able to form an even and non-sticky film. This study is expected to contribute to the development of topical preparations made from natural ingredients that are effective, safe to use and environmentally friendly.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN DENGAN KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI OBAT ANTITUBERKULOSIS PADA PASIEN TB PARU KRONIS DI PUSKESMAS REJOSARI PEKANBARU

2026-04-14T22:22:33+07:00

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem, and poor adherence to long-term antituberculosis therapy may reduce treatment success. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge and patient characteristics with adherence to antituberculosis drug consumption among chronic pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Rejosari Public Health Center, Pekanbaru. This study employed a quantitative non-experimental design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 32 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated knowledge and adherence questionnaires and analyzed using Chi-square test. The results showed that most respondents had high knowledge (87.5%) and high adherence (56.3%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge and adherence (p=0.009). Among patient characteristics, only occupation was significantly associated with adherence (p=0.002). These findings indicate that better knowledge contributes to improved adherence. Strengthening patient education and considering occupational factors are essential to improve treatment outcomes.

PENENTUAN KADAR FLAVONOID DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN PUCUK MERAH (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)

2026-04-14T22:24:24+07:00

Red tip (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) is an ornamental plant known to contain bioactive compounds, especially flavonoids, which have antioxidant potential. This study was conducted to determine the total flavonoid content and evaluate the antioxidant potential of 70% ethanol extract of pucuk merah leaves (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 70% ethanol with a yield of 32.02%. Flavonoid content was determined using the AlCl₃ colorimetric method based on a quercetin standard curve measured at a wavelength of 430 nm. The linear regression equation of the quercetin calibration curve was y = -0.0723 + 0.0090x with a coefficient of determination R² = 0.9076 and a correlation coefficient r = 0.9526. The total flavonoid content was 11.57 ± 0.0227 mg QE/g extract. The antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH method at 520 nm yielded an IC₅₀ value of 277.106 ppm, classified as weak antioxidant activity. This study demonstrates that 70% ethanol extract of red tip leaves contains flavonoid compounds and possesses antioxidant activity, albeit classified as weak.

UJI TOKSISITAS DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIKANKER TERHADAP SEL KANKER PAYUDARA MCF-7 DARI FRAKSI KAYU KUNING (Arcangelisia flava (L) Merr).

2026-01-05T11:40:56+07:00

Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr. or kayu kuning is a medicinal plant that has long been used traditionally In Southeast Asia, it is reported to have potential anticancer activity. This study aims to assess the toxicity. Profile and cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract and its fractions. Toxicity was evaluated using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells was assessed with the WST-8 assay. Phytochemical screening results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids in the ethanol extract and the fractions obtained. The LC₅₀ values of the ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction were 624.43 ppm, 552.96 ppm, 950.86 ppm, and 1095.62 ppm, respectively. Based on toxicity criteria (LC₅₀ < 1000 ppm), the ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were classified as having moderate toxicity. The ethanol fraction showed the lowest LC₅₀ value and was therefore selected for further testing on MCF-7 cells. Cytotoxicity testing showed that the ethanol fraction had an IC₅₀ value of 189.86 ppm, indicating moderate cytotoxic activity. These findings indicate that the ethanol fraction of A. flava has the potential to be a source of candidate anticancer compounds and warrants further research through the isolation and characterization of its active compounds..

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SIFAT FISIK SEDIAAN MASKER SHEET DARI EKSTRAK BUAH STROBERI (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

2026-04-17T16:13:42+07:00

Strawberries are potential fruit plants. Strawberries contain many phytochemicals, especially phenolic compounds that are beneficial for health. Strawberries are also one of the fruits that have a fairly high concentration of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the physical properties of strawberry fruit extract in sheet mask preparations with variations of butylene glycol that meet the requirements for sheet mask evaluation. Sheet masks with strawberry ethanol extract content are made in three formulas with different variations in butylene glycol concentrations (F1: 0.25%, F2: 2.5%, and F3: 5%) as moisturizers. The physical evaluations carried out were in the form of homogeneity tests, organoleptic tests, pH tests, and drying time tests. The results of the physical evaluation were that the three formulas had a consistent shape, did not change color and odor, had a pH that met the requirements and was stable at pH 6. In the drying time test, it met the requirements between 5-10 minutes. The strawberry ethanol extract sheet mask formula with variations in butylene glycol concentration met the requirements for physical evaluation of sheet masks.

PENGARUH METODE PENGERINGAN TERHADAP PENETAPAN KADAR FENOL DAN FLAVONOID PADA EKSTRAK DAUN JARAK PAGAR (JATROPHA CURCAS L.)

2026-01-08T10:24:40+07:00

Jatropha curcas leaves (Jatropha curcas L.) contain phenol and flavonoid compounds that have biological activities such as antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antidiabetic. The content of these active compounds is influenced by the drying method used in the process of making simplicia. This study aims to determine the effect of drying methods (sun, oven, and air-dry) on the acquisition of phenol and flavonoid levels in Jatropha curcas leaf extract (Jatropha curcas L.). The extraction process was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The method for determining phenol levels used the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent while the determination of flavonoid levels used aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) reagent. The results of the study were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA test which showed that the drying method had a significant effect on the acquisition of phenol and flavonoid levels (p < 0.05). The conclusion is that the wind-drying method is the most effective in producing the highest levels of phenols and flavonoids contained in jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) leaf extract.

OPTIMASI WAKTU PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

2026-05-11T12:05:23+07:00

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface and embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix produced by the microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 are capable of protecting themselves from host defenses by forming biofilms. Biofilm-forming bacteria can resist host immune responses and survive under unfavorable environmental conditions, such as extreme pH, extreme temperatures, and low oxygen levels. The duration of biofilm formation is an important factor influencing bacterial growth and biofilm development. This study aimed to determine the optimal time required for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 to form biofilms. In this study, bacterial suspensions of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were prepared and incubated for varying durations of 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours. The results showed that absorbance values increased at incubation times of 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours, but decreased at 144 hours. These findings indicate that the optimal incubation time corresponds to the stationary phase of bacterial biofilm formation.

Metode Analisis Pengendalian Mutu Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) : Systematic Literature Review Berdasarkan Parameter Kadar Rebaudioside A dan Stevioside Periode 2020-2025

2026-05-16T13:05:54+07:00

This study aims to systematically review analytical methods used for quality control of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni during the 2020–2025 period and to identify the most reliable approaches for determining rebaudioside A and stevioside in dry extracts and commercial products. The review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with literature searches performed in ScienceDirect, Springer Link, GARUDA, and Google Scholar using the keywords “Stevia rebaudiana,” “rebaudioside A,” “stevioside,” “quality control,” and “HPLC/UHPLC.” Selected studies were assessed for relevance, data completeness, and analytical validation parameters. The findings indicate that reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV detection remains the most widely applied method due to its reproducibility and suitability for routine quality control, while advanced techniques such as UHPLC combined with charged aerosol detection (CAD) or hyphenated with mass spectrometry provide higher sensitivity, selectivity, and shorter analysis time, particularly for complex matrices. These approaches ensure more reliable separation and quantification of rebaudioside A compared to non-chromatographic methods. Limitations include the small number of eligible studies and methodological heterogeneity, highlighting the need for harmonized analytical standardization and broader inter-laboratory validation in future research.

EVALUASI DRUG RELATED PROBLEMs (DRPs) PADA PASIEN PENDERITA TUBERCULOSIS (TBC) DI BALAI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT PATI

2026-05-13T13:05:28+07:00

Tuberkulosis (TBC) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pengobatan pasien tuberkulosis terbilang cukup lama dengan jumlah terapi obat yang cukup banyak sehingga menimbulkan kejadian Drug Related Problems (DRPs). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kejadian DRPs kategori pemilihan obat, pemilihan dosis, durasi pengobatan, kepatuhan pasien penderita Tuberkulosis (TBC), dan hubungan antara jumlah obat dan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan metode observasional. Data dikumpulkan secara prospektif menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel secara total sampling, dan kuesioner Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) untuk mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien TBC di Balai Kesehatan Masyarakat Pati. Data diperoleh 62 pasien (100%) tidak mengalami kejadian DRPs kategori pemilihan obat dan dosis, serta durasi pengobatan. DRPs kategori kepatuhan tergolong tinggi dengan persentase 82% (51 pasien), dan tergolong sedang dengan persentase 18% (11 pasien). Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara jumlah obat dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien dengan nilai signifikan p-value 0,182. Evaluasi kejadian DRPs menunjukkan tidak terdapat kejadian DRPs kategori pemilihan obat, pemilihan dosis, durasi pengobatan, kepatuhan pasien penderita pada Bulan Maret 2025 serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara jumlah obat dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien TBC.

PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN EKSTRAK DAUN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN

2026-05-09T10:08:10+07:00

This laboratory experimental study with a quantitative approach aimed to evaluate the effect of storage duration on the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Jatropha curcas L. leaves. The extract was obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method with 96% ethanol as the solvent and stored at 4–8°C for 0, 3, 6, and 12 days. The total flavonoid content was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with quercetin as the standard, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method by determining the IC₅₀ values. The results showed a decrease in total flavonoid content from 39,248 ± 0,091 mg QE/g on day 0 to 14,446 ± 0,060 mg QE/g on day 12. Antioxidant activity also decreased, as indicated by the increase in IC₅₀ value from 11,136 ± 0,013 ppm to 85,438 ± 2,005 ppm. Both flavonoid content and antioxidant activity declined progressively with longer storage duration. This study confirms that storage duration significantly affects the stability of flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant effectiveness of Jatropha curcas L. leaf extract.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT (ISPA) PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS DARUL IMARAH

2026-06-26T10:28:48+07:00

: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five, particularly in developing countries, including Indonesia. In Aceh Besar Regency, Darul Imarah District recorded the highest number of ARI cases among under-five children, with 1,024 cases out of 5,640 children in 2024 and 471 cases from January to May 2025. This study aimed to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, the presence of family members who smoke, parental knowledge, and birth weight with the incidence of ARI among under-five children in the working area of Darul Imarah Public Health Center in 2025. This study employed a quantitative approach using a case-control design. The case group consisted of under-five children diagnosed with ARI, while the control group consisted of children without ARI. A total of 120 respondents were selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square test.The results showed that parental knowledge was not associated with Acute Respiratory Infection incidence (p=0.564; OR=1.249), and birth weight was also not associated with ARI incidence (p=0.280; OR=1.481). In contrast, exclusive breastfeeding was significantly associated with Acute Respiratory Infectionincidence (p=0.042; OR=2.138), and the presence of smoking family members was significantly associated with ARI incidence (p=0.006; OR=2.800). Therefore, preventive efforts are needed by reducing exposure to cigarette smoke in the household environment and increasing the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding to reduce the risk of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) among children under five years of age.